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MEAN Stack Development

The MEAN stack is a framework for constructing web applications that is built on JavaScript. MEAN is an acronym for MongoDB, Express, Angular, and NodeJS.

The four critical technologies that comprise the stack's layers.

• MongoDB - document database MongoDB - document database
• Express(.js) - Web framework written on Node.js
• Angular(.js) – a JavaScript framework for the client
• Node.js Is the world's most popular JavaScript web server

There are variants of the MEAN stack, including MERN (which replaces Angular.js with React.js) and MEVN (which replaces Angular.js with React.js) (using Vue.js). The MEAN stack is one of the most widely used technological ideas for web application development.

How Is the MEAN Stack Implemented?

Architecture of the MEAN Stack

The MEAN architecture is intended to simplify the process of developing web apps in JavaScript and managing JSON.

Image Reference: https://www.mongodb.com/mean-stack

Components of the MEAN Stack

Front End Angular.js

Angular.js, the self-styled "A JavaScript MVW Framework" (MVW stands for "Model View and Whatever"), sits at the very top of the MEAN stack.

Angular.js enables you to add metadata to your HTML tags, allowing you to create dynamic, interactive online experiences far more powerfully than you could with static HTML and JavaScript alone (or jQuery).

Angular has all of the bells and whistles that a front-end JavaScript framework should, like form validation, localization, and communication with your back-end application.

Server Tier using Express.js and Node.js

Express.js is the next step below, operating on a Node.js server. Express.js bills itself as a "rapid, agnostic, and lightweight web framework for Node.js," and that is precisely what it is.

Express.js has sophisticated models for URL routing (associating an incoming URL with a server function) and HTTP request and response processing. You may connect to the Express.js functions that power your application by sending XML HTTP requests (XHRs), GETs, or POSTs from your Angular.js front end.

These methods, in turn, leverage MongoDB's Node.js drivers to access and update data in your MongoDB database, either via callbacks or Promises.

MongoDB Database

If your application saves data (user profiles, content, comments, uploads, or events), you'll want a database that's as simple to deal with as Angular, Express, or Node.

This is where MongoDB comes in: JSON documents written in your Angular.js front end may be transmitted to the Express.js server, where they can be processed and (if they are valid) immediately saved in MongoDB for subsequent retrieval.

Again, if you want to quickly get the most out of MongoDB, you should choose MongoDB Atlas. With a single click, you'll have built-in comprehensive database security and cross-cloud scalability. That will be discussed in greater detail later on this page.

The MEAN Stack's Advantages

MEAN apps may be utilized in a variety of ways because to their cross-platform, write-once nature. While MEAN is well-suited for real-time applications, particularly those that operate natively in the cloud and single-page (dynamic) web apps developed with Angular.js, it may also be used for a variety of other purposes, including the following:

• Tools for managing workflows.
• Sites that aggregate news.
• Applications for to-do lists and calendars.
• Forums that are interactive.
• Additionally, there is much more.

Due to the fact that all components are built on JavaScript and JSON, interaction between the stack's components is simple and easy.

Additionally, MEAN's E and A components (Express and Angular) are two of the most widely used and supported JavaScript frameworks for back-end and front-end development, respectively. Express simplifies the process of routing and handling HTTP requests and answers, and has excellent support for middleware that manages JSON endpoints and form submissions. Angular is a very effective framework for developing dynamic HTML websites that connect with a back-end server.

MEAN is the best stack for developing Node.js apps, whether they are high-throughput APIs, simple web applications, or microservices.

All components of the MEAN stack are open source, providing developers with a vast, free chance.

The MEAN Stack's disadvantages

While JavaScript is an excellent contemporary language, it was not originally intended for use in developing back-end servers. Because the MEAN stack is built on JavaScript, including the back-end server, it may experience concurrency and performance issues at scale as a result of JavaScript's nature.

Additionally, because the development opportunity is so quick, business and server logic may suffer from inadequate segregation, resulting in spaghetti code and poor practices.

Finally, while there are several guides and tutorials available, they will typically exclude concrete JS code rules for this stack. As a result, something that worked well in one application may cause complications in another.

When is the MEAN Stack Appropriate for Use?

MEAN adheres to the standard three-tier stack structure, which includes a presentation layer (Angular.js), an application layer (Express.js and Node.js), and a database layer (MongoDB).

If you're developing a JavaScript application, particularly one in Node.js, you should seriously consider MEAN.

MongoDB stores data in a JSON-like format (BSON, a binary JSON extension), defines the MongoDB Query Language (MQL) in JSON, and provides a JavaScript interpreter for its command line interface (CLI). Not only is MongoDB a JavaScript/JSON data store, it also has sophisticated capabilities such as indexing and searching deep within JSON documents, native Node.js drivers, and is built for horizontal scale-out. It's much easier to construct cloud-native apps using MongoDB Atlas, the MongoDB founders' cloud-native Database-as-a-Service.

MEAN is the best stack for developing Node.js apps, whether they are high-throughput APIs, simple web applications, or microservices.

Utilizing the MEAN Stack in conjunction with MongoDB Atlas

The MongoDB Node.js driver simplifies and intuitively integrates MongoDB into Node.js scripts, saving developers time and enhancing their productivity.

Following that, you'll require a MongoDB database. To get started with MongoDB, the simplest option is to setup a free cluster in MongoDB Atlas, MongoDB's fully managed, multi-cloud document database-as-a-service.

Atlas databases are simple to setup and scale, and provide an uniform URI for connecting. Consult the official MongoDB manual for information on how to connect to a cluster.

Along the way, Atlas connections have built-in username/password authentication and end-to-end TLS encryption as standard. Additionally, it enables you to quickly use additional MongoDB security capabilities like as certificate/IAM authentication, LDAP, encryption-at-rest, and auditing.

Additionally, an Atlas project may leverage the MongoDB Realm application platform to incorporate a variety of authentication providers, including Google, Facebook, JWT, and custom authentication.

Atlas is simple to scale and manage; its primary value is that it protects and secures the MEAN stack's most valuable layer: the data layer.

Is the MEAN Stack Secure?

We recommend that you use the MEAN stack in conjunction with MongoDB Atlas, since Atlas has built-in credentials, a firewall, and end-to-end encryption, providing the greatest foundation for safeguarding your MongoDB.

Additionally, the MEAN stack features a distinct three-tier architecture that, when combined with industry best practices and proper network isolation, should prevent end users from gaining access to the business logic and, more importantly, the database layer. As a result, your application is intended by default to prevent harmful user behavior from placing it at danger (Query injection, code manipulation, port spoofing etc.).